Highlights•Unsupervised deep learning is a powerful framework for studying visual
perception.•Natural images are structured by 'latent variables'(eg lighting …

An ideal observer is a theoretical model observer that performs a specific sensory-
perceptual task optimally, making the best possible use of the available information given …

Sensory perception is widely considered an inference process that reflects the best guess of
a stimulus feature based on uncertain sensory information. Here we challenge this …

Estimating the motion of objects in depth is important for behavior and is strongly supported
by binocular visual cues. To understand both how the brain should estimate motion in depth …

Psychology and philosophy have long reflected on the role of perspective in vision. Since
the dawn of modern vision science—roughly, since Helmholtz in the late 1800s—scientific …

Temporal differences in visual information processing between the eyes can cause dramatic
misperceptions of motion and depth. Processing delays between the eyes cause the Pulfrich …

A core goal of visual neuroscience is to predict human perceptual performance from natural
signals. Performance in any natural task can be limited by at least three sources of …

Visual systems estimate the three-dimensional (3D) structure of scenes from information in
two-dimensional (2D) retinal images. Visual systems use multiple sources of information to …

A central question in neuroscience is how sensory inputs are transformed into percepts. At
this point, it is clear that this process is strongly influenced by prior knowledge of the sensory …

Image differences between the eyes can cause interocular discrepancies in the speed of
visual processing. Millisecond-scale differences in visual processing speed can cause …