Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase that
controls several important aspects of mammalian cell function. mTOR activity is modulated …

TOR (target of rapamycin) and its mammalian ortholog mTOR have been discovered in an
effort to understand the mechanisms of action of the immunosuppressant drug rapamycin …

Drug addiction involves potentially life-long behavioral abnormalities that are caused in
vulnerable individuals by repeated exposure to a drug of abuse. The persistence of these …

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) acts as a highly conserved signaling “hub” that
integrates neuronal activity and a variety of synaptic inputs. mTOR is found in two …

Anxiety is an unpleasant physiological state in which an overreaction to a situation occurs. It
has been suggested that different brain regions are involved in the modulation and …

Despite the importance of numerous psychosocial factors, at its core, drug addiction involves
a biological process: the ability of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse to induce changes …

Since the discovery of the phosphorylation of the 40S ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) about four
decades ago, much effort has been made to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying …

Treating pain is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine and a key facet of disease
management. The isolation of morphine by Friedrich Sertürner in 1804 added an essential …

The dopamine (DA) hypothesis posits the increase of mesolimbic dopamine levels as a
defining commonality of addictive drugs, initially causing reinforcement, eventually leading …

A major goal of biomedical research is the identification of molecular and cellular
mechanisms that underlie memory storage. Here we report a previously unknown signaling …