Spatiotemporal gene expression programmes are orchestrated by transcriptional
enhancers, which are key regulatory DNA elements that engage in physical contacts with …

We are in a phase of unprecedented progress in identifying genetic loci that cause variation
in traits ranging from growth and fitness in simple organisms to disease in humans …

Genome-wide association studies have identified loci underlying human diseases, but the
causal nucleotide changes and mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we developed a …

Higher-order chromatin structure is emerging as an important regulator of gene expression.
Although dynamic chromatin structures have been identified in the genome, the full scope of …

INTRODUCTION Microglia play essential roles in central nervous system homeostasis and
influence diverse aspects of neuronal function, including refinement of synaptic networks …

Long-range interactions between regulatory elements and gene promoters play key roles in
transcriptional regulation. The vast majority of interactions are uncharted, constituting a …

Macrophages reside in essentially all tissues of the body and play key roles in innate and
adaptive immune responses. Distinct populations of tissue macrophages also acquire …

Gene transcription is the process by which the genetic codes of organisms are read and
interpreted as a set of instructions for cells to divide, differentiate, migrate, and mature. As …

The human body contains several hundred cell types, all of which share the same genome.
In metazoans, much of the regulatory code that drives cell type-specific gene expression is …

Patterns of transcriptional activity are encoded in our genome through regulatory elements
such as promoters or enhancers that, paradoxically, contain similar assortments of …