Arctic amplification (AA) is a coupled atmosphere-sea ice-ocean process. This
understanding has evolved from the early concept of AA, as a consequence of snow-ice line …

Cloud feedback—the change in top‐of‐atmosphere radiative flux resulting from the cloud
response to warming—constitutes by far the largest source of uncertainty in the climate …

Equilibrium climate sensitivity, the global surface temperature response to CO doubling, has
been persistently uncertain. Recent consensus places it likely within 1.5–4.5 K. Global …

Abstract The Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) has an equilibrium climate
sensitivity (ECS) of 5.3 K. ECS is an emergent property of both climate feedbacks and …

Abstract We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4. 0 physical climate
model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this …

Climate projections continue to be marred by large uncertainties, which originate in
processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But …

The climate simulation frontier of a global storm-resolving model (GSRM; or k-scale model
because of its kilometer-scale horizontal resolution) is deployed for climate change …

Equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the ultimate change in global mean temperature in
response to a change in external forcing. Despite decades of research attempting to narrow …

In this two‐part paper, a description is provided of a version of the AM4. 0/LM4. 0
atmosphere/land model that will serve as a base for a new set of climate and Earth system …

This report is the first complete assessment of the science of climate change since Working
Group I (WGI) of the IPCC produced its second report Climate Change 1995: The Science of …