Cytochrome c is primarily known for its function in the mitochondria as a key participant in
the life-supporting function of ATP synthesis. However, when a cell receives an apoptotic …

Pneumococcal meningitis continues to be associated with high rates of mortality and long-
term neurological sequelae. The most common route of infection starts by nasopharyngeal …

Stroke most commonly results from occlusion of a major artery in the brain and typically
leads to the death of all cells within the affected tissue. Mitochondria are centrally involved in …

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in the formation of neuroinflammation and
oxidative stress, which are important factors contributing to the development of brain …

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone, the long-term survival
of which has stagnated in the past several decades. Celastrol, a triterpene from traditional …

Mitochondria are double-membrane enclosed eukaryotic organelles with a central role in
numerous cellular functions. The ultrastructure of mitochondria varies considerably between …

Epilepsy is considered one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide. Oxidative
stress produced by free radicals may play a role in the initiation and progression of epilepsy; …

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) plays a pivotal role in multiple neurologic
diseases by mediating caspase-independent cell death, which has recently been …

Apoptosis is associated in many cases with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
in cells across a wide range of organisms including lower eukaryotes such as the yeast …

Poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) is an abundant nuclear protein best known to
facilitate DNA base excision repair. Recent work has expanded the physiologic functions of …