Tissue/organ shortage is a major medical challenge due to donor scarcity and patient
immune rejections. Furthermore, it is difficult to predict or mimic the human disease condition …

The 3D printing method, alternatively known as additive manufacturing (AM), is promising for
rapid tooling and layered micromanufacturing. However, significant fundamental research …

Polylactic acid (PLA) is the most widely used raw material in extrusion-based three-
dimensional (3D) printing (fused deposition modeling, FDM approach) in many areas since …

Biodegradable poly (lactic acid)(PLA) presents suitable physicochemical properties and
biocompatibility for biomedical engineering. However, PLA has some drawbacks, such as …

Bacterial infection is a major problem following bone implant surgery. Moreover, poly-l-lactic
acid/carbon nanotube/hydroxyapatite (PLLA/CNT/HAP) bone scaffolds possess enhanced …

Abstract Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is one of the additive manufacturing (AM)
techniques that have emerged as the most feasible and prevalent approach for generating …

Medical application materials must meet multiple requirements, and the designed implant
must mimic the bone structure in shape and support the formation of bone tissue …

Tissue engineering is promising in realizing successful treatments of human body tissue
loss that current methods cannot treat well or achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. In …

In a world grappling with environmental challenges and the need for sustainable
manufacturing practices, the convergence of 3D printing and recycling emerges as a …

As a technique of producing fabric engineering scaffolds, three‐dimensional (3D) printing
has tremendous possibilities. 3D printing applications are restricted to a wide range of …