The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a
global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean …

Understanding how turbulence leads to the enhanced irreversible transport of heat and
other scalars such as salt and pollutants in density-stratified fluids is a fundamental and …

The ocean is a key component of the Earth system (Chapter 1) as it provides essential life
supporting services (Inniss et al. 2017). For example, it stores heat trapped in the …

Turbulent mixing from breaking oceanic internal waves drives a vertical transport of water,
heat and other climatically important tracers in the ocean, thereby playing an important role …

Fluid mechanics lies at the heart of many of the physical processes associated with the
nascent deep-sea mining industry. The evolution and fate of sediment plumes that would be …

We revisit the challenges and prospects for ocean circulation models following Griffies et al..
Over the past decade, ocean circulation models evolved through improved understanding …

Diapycnal mixing plays a primary role in the thermodynamic balance of the ocean and,
consequently, in oceanic heat and carbon uptake and storage. Though observed mixing …

Until recently, high-resolution global modeling of tides has been done separately from high-
resolution global modeling of the atmospherically-forced oceanic general circulation. Here …

Turbulent mixing in the ocean is key to regulate the transport of heat, freshwater and
biogeochemical tracers, with strong implications for Earth's climate. In the deep ocean, tides …

We review the physics of near-inertial waves (NIWs) in the ocean and the observations,
theory, and models that have provided our present knowledge. NIWs appear nearly …