Introduction: Endometriosis is an enigmatic disease defined by the presence of endometrial-
like glands and stroma out the uterine cavity. The pathogenesis of endometriosis was under …

The theory of retrograde menstruation as aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis formulated by
John Sampson in 1927 shows clear shortcomings: this does not explain why retrograde …

The vertebral column consists of repeating units of ossified vertebrae that are adjoined by
fibrocartilagenous intervertebral discs. These structures form from the embryonic notochord …

In vertebrates, the total number of vertebrae is precisely defined. Vertebrae derive from
embryonic somites that are continuously produced posteriorly from the presomitic mesoderm …

Underlying variation in height are regulatory changes to chondrocytes, cartilage cells
comprising long-bone growth plates. Currently, we lack knowledge on epigenetic regulation …

The Wilms' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) gene encodes a DNA-and RNA-binding protein that
plays an essential role in nephron progenitor differentiation during renal development. To …

Pbx genes encode transcription factors that belong to the TALE (three-amino-acid loop
extension) superclass of homeodomain proteins. We have witnessed a surge in information …

A lingering question in developmental biology has centered on how transcription factors with
widespread distribution in vertebrate embryos can perform tissue-specific functions. Here …

Transcription factors (TFs) are DNA-binding proteins able to modulate the timing, location,
and levels of gene expression by binding to regulatory DNA regions. Therefore, the …

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a common (1 in 3,000 live births) major
congenital malformation that results in significant morbidity and mortality. The discovery of …