Electrical signaling in neurons is based on the operation of plasmalemmal ion pumps and
carriers that establish transmembrane ion gradients, and on the operation of ion channels …

Electroneutral cation-Cl− cotransporters compose a family of solute carriers in which cation
(Na+ or K+) movement through the plasma membrane is always accompanied by Cl− in a 1 …

GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain. Early in development,
however, GABAergic synaptic transmission is excitatory and can exert widespread trophic …

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder characterized by unprovoked seizures. γ-
Aminobutyric acid (GABA) serves as the primary fast inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain …

Visual signals in the vertebrate retina are shaped by feedback and feedforward inhibition in
two synaptic layers. In one, horizontal cells establish fundamental center-surround receptive …

Synaptic inhibition by GABA A and glycine receptors, which are ligand-gated anion
channels, depends on the electrochemical potential for chloride. Several potassium-chloride …

Lateral interactions in the outer retina, particularly negative feedback from horizontal cells to
cones and direct feed-forward input from horizontal cells to bipolar cells, play a number of …

Coincident pre-and postsynaptic activation is known to induce long-term modification of
glutamatergic synapses. We report here that, in both hippocampal cultures and acute …

The K-Cl co-transporter KCC2 plays multiple roles in the physiology of central neurons and
alterations of its function and/or expression are associated with several neurological …

Neurological diseases including Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease,
Down syndrome and epilepsy, and neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, are …