Intrinsic (innate) and acquired (adaptive) resistance to chemotherapy critically limits the
outcome of cancer treatments. For many years, it was assumed that the interaction of a drug …

Activation of transcription factor NF-κB is frequently encountered in tumor cells and
contributes to aggressive tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapy and ionizing …

The x cystine/glutamate antiporter is a major plasma membrane transporter for the cellular
uptake of cystine in exchange for intracellular glutamate. Its main functions in the body are …

Despite significant improvements in the treatment of cancerous tumors in the last decades,
cancer remains one of the deadliest diseases worldwide. To overcome the shortcomings of …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) remains one of the deadliest forms of cancer, in
part, because it is largely refractory to current therapies. The failure of most standard …

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is characterized by a profound chemoresistance. As we have
shown previously, these tumor cells can develop chemoresistance by interleukin (IL)-1β in …

More than 30,000 people develop pancreatic adeno-carcinoma each year in the United
States, and almost all are expected to die from the disease. 1 The 5-year survival rate is 5 …

Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) commonly retain wild-type but functionally inactive p53, which
is repressed by an unknown dominant mechanism. To help reveal this mechanism, we …

Ribonucleotide reductase is emerging as an important determinant of gemcitabine
chemoresistance in human cancers. Activity of this enzyme, which catalyses conversion of …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway is one of the most important cellular signal
transduction pathways involved in both physiologic processes and disease conditions. It …