The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is thought to result from impaired
connectivity between key brain networks. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the key …

Identification of intrinsic brain activity differences and similarities between major depression
(MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is necessary. However, results have not yet yielded …

Finding robust brain substrates of mood disorders is an important target for research. The
degree to which major depression (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with …

Alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission are implicated in the pathophysiology of
depression, and the glutamatergic system represents a treatment target for depression. To …

New evidence of reward processing abnormalities in MDD, bipolar disorder and
schizophrenia has led to a greater understanding of the neural processes associated with …

The inhibitory gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system is involved in the etiology of most
psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and major …

Half a century after the first formulation of the monoamine hypothesis, compelling evidence
implies that long-term changes in an array of brain areas and circuits mediating complex …

Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, displays
a fast antidepressant activity in treatment-resistant depression and in rodent models of …

This review of major depressive disorder is a comprehensive account of the genetic,
biochemical, and neurophysiological changes that have been implicated in the disorder. No …

All available antidepressant medications are based on serendipitous discoveries of the
clinical efficacy of two classes of antidepressants more than 50 years ago. These tricyclic …