Exposing implicit biases and stereotypes in human and artificial intelligence: state of the art and challenges with a focus on gender

L Marinucci, C Mazzuca, A Gangemi - AI & SOCIETY, 2023 - Springer
Biases in cognition are ubiquitous. Social psychologists suggested biases and stereotypes
serve a multifarious set of cognitive goals, while at the same time stressing their potential …

The Glasgow Norms: Ratings of 5,500 words on nine scales

GG Scott, A Keitel, M Becirspahic, B Yao… - Behavior research …, 2019 - Springer
Abstract The Glasgow Norms are a set of normative ratings for 5,553 English words on nine
psycholinguistic dimensions: arousal, valence, dominance, concreteness, imageability …

Gender stereotypes are reflected in the distributional structure of 25 languages

M Lewis, G Lupyan - Nature human behaviour, 2020 - nature.com
Cultural stereotypes such as the idea that men are more suited for paid work and women are
more suited for taking care of the home and family, may contribute to gender imbalances in …

Testing the effectiveness of the Internet-based instrument PsyToolkit: A comparison between web-based (PsyToolkit) and lab-based (E-Prime 3.0) measurements of …

J Kim, U Gabriel, P Gygax - PloS one, 2019 - journals.plos.org
To test the effectiveness of the Internet-based instrument PsyToolkit for use with complex
choice tasks, a replicability study was conducted wherein an existing psycholinguistic …

Gendered representations of person referents activated by the nonbinary gender star in German: A word-picture matching task

L Zacharski, EC Ferstl - Discourse Processes, 2023 - Taylor & Francis
The public debate on the use of the German nonbinary gender asterisk (Lehrer* in 'teacher')
is emotionally charged. While it has been adopted by political and educational institutions …

Gender at work across nations: Men and women working in male‐dominated and female‐dominated occupations are differentially associated with agency and …

L Froehlich, MIT Olsson, AR Dorrough… - Journal of Social …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Occupational gender segregation is a worldwide phenomenon. Research from Western
regions such as the United States and Europe shows that the observation of occupational …

Revisiting gender-fair language and stereotypes–A comparison of word pairs, capital I forms and the asterisk

S Schunack, A Binanzer - Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, 2022 - degruyter.com
In this paper we replicated two influential studies on gender-fair language that investigated
how gender-fair language influences stereotype perception and recall of exemplars. We …

Inclusività nella lingua italiana: come e perché. Fondamenti teorici e proposte operative

G Giusti - DEP. Deportate, esuli, profughe, 2022 - iris.unive.it
Questo lavoro presenta alcune motivazioni sociologiche e psicolinguistiche a favore di
politiche linguistiche che rendano le donne visibili nel discorso culturale, le strategie …

How fair is gender-fair language? Insights from gender ratio estimations in French

H **ao, B Strickland… - Journal of Language and …, 2023 - journals.sagepub.com
Heated societal debates in various countries concern the use of gender-fair language,
meant to replace the generic use of grammatically masculine forms. Advocates and …

Grammatical gender in German influences how role-nouns are interpreted: Evidence from ERPs

J Misersky, A Majid, TM Snijders - Discourse Processes, 2019 - Taylor & Francis
Grammatically masculine role-nouns (eg, Studenten masc.'students') can refer to men and
women but may favor an interpretation where only men are considered the referent. If true …