Capturing and quantifying the world in three dimensions (x, y, z) using light detection and
ranging (lidar) technology drives fundamental advances in the Earth and Ecological …

Abrupt forest disturbances generating gaps> 0.001 km2 impact roughly 0.4–0.7 million km2
a− 1. Fire, windstorms, logging, and shifting cultivation are dominant disturbances; minor …

For decades, conservation and research initiatives in tropical forests have focused almost
exclusively on old-growth forests because scientists believed that these “pristine” …

The ecosystem approach to ecology treats organisms and the physical elements of their
environment as components of a single, integrated system. This comprehensive textbook …

Forest monitoring using satellite imagery has advanced tremendously over the past few
decades, to the point that these datasets now inform international policy agreements …

LiDAR technology has been widely used to characterize structural parameters of forest
ecosystems, which in turn are valuable information for forest monitoring. GEDI is a …

In this paper we present the results of an experiment to measure forest structure and
biomass dynamics over the tropical forests of La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica …

Complex systems science provides a transdisciplinary framework to study systems
characterized by (1) heterogeneity,(2) hierarchy,(3) self‐organization,(4) openness,(5) …

Global environmental changes may be altering the ecology of tropical forests. Long-term
monitoring plots have provided much of the evidence for large-scale, directional changes in …

Summary Amazon droughts, including the 2015–2016 El Niño, may reduce forest net
primary productivity and increase canopy tree mortality, thereby altering both the short‐and …