This review focuses on the reduction of iron oxides using hydrogen as a reducing agent.
Due to increasing requirements from environmental issues, a change of process concepts in …

Fossil-free ironmaking is indispensable for reducing massive anthropogenic CO 2 emissions
in the steel industry. Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) is among the most attractive …

In this review paper described are possible chemical reactions and their thermodynamic
analysis during direct reduction. The sticking mechanism during direct reduction in the …

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the reduction of Fe2O3 in a continuous stream of 100%
CO was conducted at temperatures ranging from 800 to 900° C. X-ray diffraction analysis of …

Hydrogen-based direct reduction (HyDR) of iron ores has attracted immense attention and is
considered a forerunner technology for sustainable ironmaking. It has a high potential to …

The failure of Viking Lander thermal volatilization (TV)(without or with thermal degradation)–
gas chromatography (GC)–MS experiments to detect organics suggests chemical rather …

Out of the multitude of researched processing routes for sustainable ironmaking, hydrogen-
based direct reduction and hydrogen plasma smelting reduction (HyPSR) are currently the …

Abstract Using Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APXPS), this study
investigates the reduction behavior of iron oxides in direct reduction (DRI) and blast furnace …

The present research investigates the efficacy of fluidized bed direct reduction of hematite
ore using H 2 as a metallurgical technology. The study uses response surface methodology …

Substituting hydrogen utilization for coke consumption is the main research field for the
development of iron and steel manufacturing. Understanding the reaction kinetics of the …