Abstract The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern
Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global …

This paper summarizes advances in research on tropical–polar teleconnections, made
roughly over the last decade. Elucidating El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts on …

We present an update of the 'key points' from the Antarctic Climate Change and the
Environment (ACCE) report that was published by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic …

Temperature-induced mass coral bleaching causing mortality on a wide geographic scale
started when atmospheric CO2 levels exceeded∼ 320ppm. When CO2 levels reached∼ …

To understand how planet Earth works we study it increasingly as a system–a collection of
interdependent parts or spheres–the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the cryosphere, the …

Although Antarctic sea ice is undergoing a slight increase in overall extent, major regional
changes are occurring in its spatio-temporal characteristics (most notably in sea ice …

The Southern Ocean supports ecosystem services that are important on a global scale.
Climate change and human activities (tourism, fishing, and research) will affect both the …

The southern hemisphere westerly winds have been strengthening and shifting poleward
since the 1950s. This wind trend is projected to persist under continued anthropogenic …

Over the 40‐year satellite record, there has been a slight increasing trend in total annual
mean Antarctic sea ice extent of approximately 1.5% per decade that is made up of the sum …

The Antarctic climate system varies on timescales from orbital, through millennial to sub-
annual, and is closely coupled to other parts of the global climate system. We review these …