Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …

Plants have many, highly variable resistance (R) gene loci, which provide resistance to a
variety of pathogens. The first R gene to be cloned, maize (Zea mays) Hm1, was published …

Plants constantly monitor and cope with the fluctuating environment while hosting a diversity
of plant‐inhabiting microbes. The mode and outcome of plant–microbe interactions …

Plants have evolved a repertoire of monitoring systems to sense plant morphogenesis and
to face environmental changes and threats caused by different attackers. These systems …

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) play crucial roles in plant
immunity, growth, and development. Plants deploy a large number of RLKs and RLPs as …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

Receptor kinases (RKs) are of paramount importance in transmembrane signaling that
governs plant reproduction, growth, development, and adaptation to diverse environmental …

As a universal process in multicellular organisms, including animals and plants, cells usually
emit danger signals when suffering from attacks of microbes and herbivores, or physical …

The conserved lipase-like protein EDS1 transduces signals from pathogen-activated
intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors to transcriptional …

Plants have evolved multiple defense strategies to cope with pathogens, among which plant
immune signaling that relies on cell‐surface localized and intracellular receptors takes …