Plant diseases and pests are risk factors that threaten global food security. Excessive
chemical pesticide applications are commonly used to reduce the effects of plant diseases …

Plant beneficial microorganisms improve the health and growth of the associated plants.
Application of beneficial microbes triggers an enhanced resistance state, also termed as …

In the rhizosphere, the activities within all processes and functions are primarily influenced
by plant roots, microorganisms present in the rhizosphere, and the interactions between …

Trichoderma is an important biocontrol agent for managing plant diseases. Trichoderma
species are members of the fungal genus hyphomycetes, which is widely distributed in soil …

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial constituent of the outer membrane of most Gram-
negative bacteria, playing a fundamental role in the protection of bacteria from …

Plants host a mesmerizing diversity of microbes inside and around their roots, known as the
microbiome. The microbiome is composed mostly of fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, and …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), microbe-associated molecular patterns
(MAMPs), herbivore-associated molecular patterns (HAMPs), and damage-associated …

A vast microbial community inhabits in the rhizosphere, among which, specialized bacteria
known as Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) confer benefits to host plants …

Exploiting the potential benefits of plant-associated microbes represents a sustainable
approach to enhancing crop productivity. Plant-beneficial bacteria (PBB) provide multiple …

At different stages throughout their life cycle, plants often encounter several pathogenic
microbes that challenge plant growth and development. The sophisticated innate plant …