Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) has immunoregulatory roles associated with tryptophan
metabolism. These include counter-regulation (controlling inflammation) and acquired …

Sustained access to nutrients is a fundamental biological need, especially for proliferating
cells, and controlling nutrient supply is an ancient strategy to regulate cellular responses to …

CD8 T cells play crucial roles in immune surveillance and defense against infections and
cancer. After encountering antigenic stimulation, naïve CD8 T cells differentiate and acquire …

The immune system is a tightly regulated network which allows the development of defense
mechanisms against foreign antigens and tolerance toward self-antigens. Regulatory T cells …

Tumor cells escape the immune surveillance system of the host through a process called
immune tolerance. Immunotherapy targets molecules that serve as checks and balances in …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO, also referred to as IDO1) has been
demonstrated to be a normal endogenous mechanism of acquired peripheral immune …

Interactions with the immune system may lead tumorigenic cells into dormancy. However,
the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Using a 3D fibrin gel model, we …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the peripheral self‐tolerance and preventing
autoimmunity. While classical CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs are well established, their CD8+ …

Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1) is the main enzyme that catalyzes the first, rate-
limiting step of the so-called “kynurenine pathway”, ie, the metabolic cascade that converts …

Organ transplantation appears today to be the best alternative to replace the loss of vital
organs induced by various diseases. Transplants can, however, also be rejected by the …