Two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, black
phosphorus, MXenes, and semimetals have attracted extensive and widespread interest …

Optical links are moving to higher and higher transmission speeds while shrinking to shorter
and shorter ranges where optical links are envisaged even at the chip scale. The scaling in …

Electro-optic modulators are an indispensable part of photonic communication systems,
largely dictating the achievable transmission rate. Recent advances in materials and …

Light modulation is an essential operation in photonics and optoelectronics. With existing
and emerging technologies increasingly demanding compact, efficient, fast and broadband …

Owing to their atomic layer thickness, strong light–material interaction, high nonlinearity,
broadband optical response, fast relaxation, controllable optoelectronic properties, and high …

The optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are known to change
dramatically with do** near their excitonic resonances. However, little is known about the …

The modulator is a key component in optical communications. Several graphene-based
amplitude modulators have been reported based on electro-absorption. However, graphene …

Over the past 70 years, the semiconductor industry has undergone transformative changes,
largely driven by the miniaturization of devices and the integration of innovative structures …

In recent years, a variety of 2‐dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, topological
insulators, transition metal dichalcogenides, and black phosphorus have been utilized in …

Graphene-based optical modulators have recently attracted much attention because of their
characteristic ultrafast and broadband response. Their modulation depth (MD) and overall …