Vascular cognitive impairment defines alterations in cognition, ranging from subtle deficits to
full-blown dementia, attributable to cerebrovascular causes. Often coexisting with …

The mammalian brain depends upon glucose as its main source of energy, and tight
regulation of glucose metabolism is critical for brain physiology. Consistent with its critical …

Glucose is the long-established, obligatory fuel for brain that fulfills many critical functions,
including ATP production, oxidative stress management, and synthesis of neurotransmitters …

Feelings are mental experiences of body states. They signify physiological need (for
example, hunger), tissue injury (for example, pain), optimal function (for example, well …

Neuronal computation is energetically expensive. Consequently, the brain's limited energy
supply imposes constraints on its information processing capability. Most brain energy is …

We acquired a rapidly preserved human surgical sample from the temporal lobe of the
cerebral cortex. We stained a 1 mm3 volume with heavy metals, embedded it in resin, cut …

Myelination of axons in the nervous system of vertebrates enables fast, saltatory impulse
propagation, one of the best-understood concepts in neurophysiology. However, it took a …

Axonal transport is essential for neuronal function, and many neurodevelopmental and
neurodegenerative diseases result from mutations in the axonal transport machinery …

Synaptic activity imposes large energy demands that are met by local adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) synthesis through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative …

Neuroscience research has exploded, with more than fifty thousand neuroscientists applying
increasingly advanced methods. A mountain of new facts and mechanisms has emerged …