Bacteria and their viruses have coevolved for billions of years. This ancient and still ongoing
arms race has led bacteria to develop a vast antiphage arsenal. The development of high …

Throughout their evolutionary history, bacteria have faced diverse threats from other
microorganisms, including competing bacteria, bacteriophages and predators. In response …

Human gut commensals are increasingly suggested to impact non-communicable diseases,
such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), yet their targeted suppression remains a …

Bacteria and archaea have developed multiple antiviral mechanisms, and genomic
evidence indicates that several of these antiviral systems co-occur in the same strain. Here …

Bacteria carry diverse genetic systems to defend against viral infection, some of which are
found within prophages where they inhibit competing viruses. Phage satellites pose …

We are in the midst of a golden age of uncovering defense systems against bacteriophages.
Apart from the fundamental interest in these defense systems, and revolutionary applications …

Bacteria are under immense evolutionary pressure from their viral invaders—
bacteriophages. Bacteria have evolved numerous immune mechanisms, both innate and …

Viruses and their hosts are engaged in a constant arms race leading to the evolution of
antiviral defence mechanisms. Recent studies have revealed that the immune arsenal of …

Pathogens are ubiquitous and a constant threat to their hosts, which has led to the evolution
of sophisticated immune systems in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Bacterial immune …

The cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–STING pathway is a central component of the cell-
autonomous innate immune system in animals,. The cGAS protein is a sensor of cytosolic …