Venom and venom resistance are molecular phenotypes widely considered to have
diversified through coevolution between predators and prey. However, while evolutionary …

Measuring local adaptation can provide insights into how coevolution occurs between
predators and prey. Specifically, theory predicts that local adaptation in functionally matched …

Chemosensory searching in squamates with specialized tongue–vomeronasal systems is
well-documented. By tongue-flicking, these reptiles gather important chemical cues from …

Predator–prey interactions often lead to the coevolution of adaptations associated with
avoiding predation and, for predators, overcoming those defences. Antagonistic …

The rapid evolution of venom toxin genes is often explained as the result of a biochemical
arms race between venomous animals and their prey. However, it is not clear that an arms …

Studies of diet are central to our understanding of organismal biology. We describe the diet
of the Red Diamond Rattlesnake (Crotalus ruber) using data collected from museum …

Within some species, squirrels respond to variable selection from venomous snake
predators by showing population-level variation in resistance, while between species, some …

Using venom for predation often leads to the evolution of resistance in prey. Understanding
individual variation in venom resistance is key to unlocking basic mechanisms by which …

California ground squirrels (Spermophilus beecheyi) show blood-based defenses to a
variety of toxins in the venom of the Northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus …

Highlights•We studied natural encounters between rattlesnakes and kangaroo rats.•The rats'
antipredator signalling reduced the probability of rattlesnake attacks.•The rats dodged …