The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and ever-changing “rogue organ”
composed of its own blood supply, lymphatic and nervous systems, stroma, immune cells …

A common feature of cancer cells is their ability to rewire their metabolism to sustain the
production of ATP and macromolecules needed for cell growth, division and survival. In …

Metabolic reprogramming is reported to be one of the hallmarks of cancer, which is an
adaptive mechanism by which fast-growing cancer cells adapt to their increasing energy …

Nutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences
in molecular medicine and clinical trials have demonstrated that adequate nutrition …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally
control expression of genes by targeting mRNAs. miRNA alterations partake in the …

Adipocytes are one of the primary stromal cells in many tissues, and they are considered to
play an active role in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated adipocytes (CAAs) …

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are some of the most abundant immune cells within
tumors and perform a broad repertoire of functions via diverse phenotypes. On the basis of …

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis
is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths …

Intercellular cross talk between cancer cells and stromal and immune cells is essential for
tumor progression and metastasis. Extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) are a …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer. As nutrients are scarce in the
tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells adopt multiple metabolic adaptations to meet …