Abstract Backgrounds: Between 2009 and 2018, the number of opioid-related deaths
(ORDs) in Scotland showed a dramatic increase, whereas in England and Wales, a much …

Heterogeneity is an important concept in psychiatric research and science more broadly. It
negatively impacts effect size estimates under case–control paradigms, and it exposes …

Background Kentucky has one of the highest opioid overdose mortality rates in the United
States. Accurate estimates of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) are critical to plan for …

Human trafficking victimization is harmful to individuals, families, institutions, communities,
and nations. It is commonly understood that human trafficking is a widespread problem, yet …

Multiple-systems estimation is a key approach for quantifying hidden populations such as
the number of victims of modern slavery. The UK Government published an estimate of …

Multiple systems estimation strategies have recently been applied to quantify hard-to-reach
populations, particularly when estimating the number of victims of human trafficking and …

Over-coverage occurs when individuals who reside in a country leave or pass away, and
this demographic event is not recorded in population registers, leading to population size …

Merging datafiles containing information on overlap** sets of entities is a challenging task
in the absence of unique identifiers, and is further complicated when some entities are …

The growing necessity for evidence-based policy built on rigorous research has never been
greater. However, the ability of researchers to provide such evidence is invariably tied to the …

Abstract Background In the United States, injection is an increasingly common route of
administration for opioids and other substances. Estimates of the number of persons who …