Abstract RAS mutations (HRAS, NRAS, and KRAS) are among the most common
oncogenes, and around 19% of patients with cancer harbor RAS mutations. Cells harboring …

Roughly 50% of cancer cases occur in people aged 65 years or older. Older people are
often diagnosed at a later stage and might receive less (intensive) treatment, which might …

Genetic alterations affecting RAS proteins are commonly found in human cancers. Roughly
a fourth of melanoma patients carry activating NRAS mutations, rendering this malignancy …

The treatment of metastatic melanoma is still undergoing a process of major change. The
two most important novel therapeutic strategies, selective kinase inhibitors and immune …

Simple Summary Despite recent advances in diagnosis and therapy, malignant melanoma
poses a significant problem both to clinicians and cancer researchers due to its resistance to …

Pigment production is a unique character of melanocytes. Numerous factors are linked with
melanin production, including genetics, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and inflammation …

The unique oncogene duet of coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations are
widely found to be a robust genetic background promoting human cancer aggressiveness …

The use of biomarkers in medicine has become essential in clinical practice in order to help
with diagnosis, prognostication and prediction of treatment response. Since Alexander …

Background Recent therapeutic strategies, particularly MAP kinase pathway inhibitors
(BRAF, MEK) and immune checkpoint blockers (CTLA-4, PD-1), have been put on the test …

In general, melanoma can be considered as a UV‐driven disease with an aggressive
metastatic course and high mutational load, with only few tumors (acral, mucosal, and uveal …