Sleep spindles are burstlike signals in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the slee**
mammalian brain and electrical surface correlates of neuronal oscillations in thalamus. As …

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels comprise a small
subfamily of proteins within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. In mammals, the …

To understand what makes sleep vulnerable in disease, it is useful to look at how wake-
promoting mechanisms affect healthy sleep. Wake-promoting neuronal activity is inhibited …

▪ Abstract Hyperpolarization-activated cation currents, termed If, Ih, or Iq, were initially
discovered in heart and nerve cells over 20 years ago. These currents contribute to a wide …

▪ Abstract The highly interconnected networks of the mammalian forebrain can generate a
wide variety of synchronized activities, including those underlying epileptic seizures, which …

Sleep spindles are extensively studied electroencephalographic rhythms that recur
periodically during non–rapid eye movement sleep and that are associated with rhythmic …

The hyperpolarization-activated cation current (termed I h, I q, or I f) was recently shown to
be encoded by a new family of genes, named HCN for h yperpolarization-activated c yclic n …

It is currently believed that the mechanisms underlying spindle oscillations are related to
those that generate spike and wave (SW) discharges. The mechanisms of transition …

Coherent network oscillations in the brain are correlated with different behavioural states.
Intrinsic resonance properties of neurons provide a basis for such oscillations. In the …

Dopaminergic (DA) midbrain neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and ventral tegmental
area (VTA) are involved in various brain functions such as voluntary movement and reward …