This paper reviews that cell-mediated-immune (CMI) activation and inflammation contribute
to depressive symptoms, including anhedonia; anxiety-like behaviors; fatigue and somatic …

Zinc is an essential trace element, whose importance to the function of the central nervous
system (CNS) is increasingly being appreciated. Alterations in zinc dyshomeostasis has …

Major depression is a debilitating and recurrent disorder with a substantial lifetime risk and a
high social cost. Depressed patients generally display co-morbid symptoms, and depression …

Despite many decades of clinical use, the therapeutic target of lithium remains uncertain. It is
recognized that therapeutic concentrations of lithium, through competition with the similarly …

The monoamine theory has implicated abnormalities in serotonin and norepinephrine in the
pathophysiology of major depression and bipolar illness and contributed greatly to our …

Essential elements are very important for the proper functioning of the human body. They
are required for fundamental life processes such as cell division and differentiation and …

A growing body of evidence implicates a derangement of zinc homeostasis in mood
disorders. In general, unipolar depression is connected with low blood zinc levels that are …

BACKGROUND: One of the main problems in the therapy of depression is the limited
efficacy of antidepressants and the limited utility of augmentation strategies. Zinc, a non …

Ample evidence indicates that glutamate homeostasis and neurotransmission are disrupted
in major depressive disorder; but the nature of this disruption and the mechanisms by which …

Abstract Bipolar disorder afflicts approximately 1–3% of both men and women, and is
coincident with major economic, societal, medical, and interpersonal consequences. Current …