Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate numerous
physiological processes such as metabolism, reproduction, inflammation, as well as the …

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid activated nuclear receptor (BAR) and is mainly
expressed in the liver and intestine. Upon ligand binding, FXR regulates key genes involved …

Androgens and androgen receptors (AR) play a pivotal role in expression of the male
phenotype. Several diseases, such as androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and prostate …

For almost a century, vitamin A has been known as a nutrient critical for normal
development, differentiation, and homeostasis; accordingly, there has been much interest in …

Retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive metabolite of retinol or vitamin A, induces a spectrum
of pleiotropic effects in cell growth and differentiation that are relevant for embryonic …

Four major receptor families enable cells to respond to chemical and physical signals from
their proximal environment. The ligand-and voltage-gated ion channels, G-protein-coupled …

Boron, in the form of boric acid, has played a role in medicine as a mild antiseptic and an
eye wash since its preparation from borax in the 18th century. However, the use of boron in …

B. DNA binding properties C. PPAR ligand-binding properties D. Alternative pathways for
PPAR activation E. PPAR-mediated transactivation properties III. Physiological Aspects A …

Oestrogens are involved in the growth, development and homeostasis of a number of
tissues. The physiological effects of these steroids are mediated by a ligand-inducible …

Molecular dynamics programs simulate the behavior of biomolecular systems, leading to
understanding of their functions. However, the computational complexity of such simulations …