With current intensive agriculture practices and industrialization, pollution of natural
resources like land and water with heavy metals, organic pollutants, radionuclides …

Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use.
Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem …

Chromium (Cr) is released into the environment through anthropogenic activities and has
gained significant attention in the recent decade as environmental pollution. Its …

Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in the physiology and biochemistry of plants due to its
established essentiality and toxicity for living beings at certain Zn concentration ie, deficient …

Copper (Cu) is an essential metal for human, animals and plants, although it is also
potentially toxic above supra-optimal levels. In plants, Cu is an essential cofactor of …

Environmental contamination with arsenic (As) is a global environmental, agricultural and
health issue due to the highly toxic and carcinogenic nature of As. Exposure of plants to As …

Polluted soil and water impact the quality of food and nutrients of human and animal biota.
Soil and water are mainly polluted by effluent discharges from industries, which are broadly …

Cadmium (Cd), a major contaminant of concern, has been extensively reviewed and
debated for its anthropogenic global shifts. Cadmium levels in rice grains raise wide food …

Chromium (Cr) is a potentially toxic heavy metal which does not have any essential
metabolic function in plants. Various past and recent studies highlight the biogeochemistry …

Soil contamination with persistent and potentially (eco) toxic heavy metal (loid) s is
ubiquitous around the globe. Concentration of these heavy metal (loid) s in soil has …