The Hedgehog signalling pathway has crucial roles in embryonic tissue patterning,
postembryonic tissue regeneration, and cancer, yet aspects of Hedgehog signal …

Intercellular signaling molecules, known as morphogens, act at a long range in develo**
tissues to provide spatial information and control properties such as cell fate and tissue …

Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive luminal breast cancer is a subtype with generally lower risk
of metastasis to most distant organs. However, bone recurrence occurs preferentially in …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members, which include TGF-βs, activins and
bone morphogenetic proteins, are pleiotropic cytokines that elicit cell type-specific effects in …

Neuronal subtype specification in the vertebrate neural tube is one of the best-studied
examples of embryonic pattern formation. Distinct neuronal subtypes are generated in a …

The basic vertebrate body plan of the zebrafish embryo is established in the first 10 hours of
development. This period is characterized by the formation of the anterior-posterior and …

Sonic hedgehog has received an enormous amount of attention since its role as a
morphogen that directs ventral patterning in the spinal cord was discovered a decade ago …

Secreted Hedgehog (HH) ligands signal through the canonical receptor Patched (PTCH1).
However, recent studies implicate three additional HH-binding, cell-surface proteins, GAS1 …

Summary The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays critical roles in metazoan
development and in cancer. How the Hh ligand is secreted and spreads to distant cells is …

Abstract The SCUBE [Signal peptide-Complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1 (CUB)-Epithelial
growth factor domain-containing protein] family consists of three proteins in vertebrates …