Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of polyhydroxylated plant steroid hormones that are
crucial for many aspects of a plant's life. BRs were originally characterized for their function …

Growth–defense tradeoffs are thought to occur in plants due to resource restrictions, which
demand prioritization towards either growth or defense, depending on external and internal …

Plants rely on cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors to detect pathogen-or host-
derived danger signals and trigger an immune response,,,,–. Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) …

Cell-surface receptors play pivotal roles in many biological processes, including immunity,
development, and reproduction, across diverse organisms. How cell-surface receptors …

Drought represents a major threat to food security. Mechanistic data describing plant
responses to drought have been studied extensively and genes conferring drought …

Flagellin perception in Arabidopsis is through recognition of its highly conserved N-terminal
epitope (flg22) by flagellin-sensitive 2 (FLS2). Flg22 binding induces FLS2 heteromerization …

Plants must coordinate the regulation of biochemistry and anatomy to optimize
photosynthesis and water-use efficiency. The formation of stomata, epidermal pores that …

Recent reports suggest that cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors function
synergistically to activate robust defence against pathogens, but whether they co-evolve is …

Phytohormones are natural chemical messengers that play critical roles in the regulation of
plant growth and development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress factors …

Brassinosteroids (BRs) regulate plant growth and stress responses via the BES1/BZR1
family of transcription factors, which regulate the expression of thousands of downstream …