Metformin is a widely-used drug that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose
metabolism and diabetes-related complications. The mechanisms underlying these benefits …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological
and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that …

Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-
lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost. While metformin has …

Cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle and become terminally differentiated soon after birth.
Therefore, in the adult heart, instead of an increase in cardiomyocyte number, individual …

Energy stress depletes ATP and induces cell death. Here we identify an unexpected
inhibitory role of energy stress on ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death induced by iron …

Altered metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, and the reprogramming of energy metabolism
has historically been considered a general phenomenon of tumors. It is well recognized that …

Liver cancer has become the sixth most diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of
cancer death worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for up to 75–85 …

Repeated, episodic bouts of skeletal muscle contraction undertaken frequently as structured
exercise training are a potent stimulus for physiological adaptation in many organs …

The liver is crucial for the maintenance of normal glucose homeostasis—it produces glucose
during fasting and stores glucose postprandially. However, these hepatic processes are …

Host microbial cross-talk is essential to maintain intestinal homeostasis. However,
maladaptation of this response through microbial dysbiosis or defective host defense toward …