Gauge fields are central in our modern understanding of physics at all scales. At the highest
energy scales known, the microscopic universe is governed by particles interacting with …

Spin–orbit coupling links a particle's velocity to its quantum-mechanical spin, and is
essential in numerous condensed matter phenomena, including topological insulators and …

Spin–orbit coupling (SOC) is central to many physical phenomena, including fine structures
of atomic spectra and topological phases in ultracold atoms. Whereas, in general, SOC is …

This review focuses on recent developments in synthetic spin–orbit (SO) coupling in
ultracold atomic gases. Two types of SO coupling are discussed. One is Raman process …

When a neutral atom moves in a properly designed laser field, its center-of-mass motion
may mimic the dynamics of a charged particle in a magnetic field, with the emergence of a …

An overview of the physics of spinor and dipolar Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) is
given. Mean-field ground states, Bogoliubov spectra, and many-body ground and excited …

Artificial gauge fields are currently realized in a wide range of physical settings. This
includes solid-state devices but also engineered systems, such as photonic crystals …

An effective spin-orbit coupling can be generated in a cold atom system by engineering
atom-light interactions. In this Letter we study spin-1/2 and spin-1 Bose-Einstein …

Electromagnetism is a simple example of a gauge theory where the underlying potentials
(the vector and scalar potentials) are defined only up to a gauge choice. The vector potential …

We describe a new class of atom-laser coupling schemes which lead to spin-orbit-coupled
Hamiltonians for ultracold neutral atoms. By properly setting the optical phases, a pair of …