The central aim of conservation biology is to understand and mitigate the effects of human
activities on biodiversity. To successfully achieve this objective, researchers must take an …

Conservation physiology proposes that measures of physiological stress (glucocorticoid
levels) can be used to assess the status and future fate of natural populations. Increases in …

Coincident with recent global warming, species have shifted their geographic distributions to
cooler environments, generally by moving along thermal axes to higher latitudes, higher …

Summary 1 A growing number of ecologists are turning to the enumeration of white blood
cells from blood smears (leukocyte profiles) to assess stress in animals. There has been …

Given the connection between chronic stress and health, there has been a growing
emphasis on identifying chronically stressed wild animals, especially in relation to …

1. Why Do We Measure Stress? 2. Quantifying Stress 3. Specific Measures of Fish Stress
3.1. Cellular and Molecular Indicators 3.2. Primary and Secondary Physiological Indicators …

Globally, ecosystems and their constituent flora and fauna face the localized and broad-
scale influence of human activities. Conservation practitioners and environmental managers …

Baseline glucocorticoid (cort) levels are increasingly employed as physiological indices of
the relative condition or health of individuals and populations. Often, high cort levels are …

Although correlations have frequently been observed between specific physiological and
behavioural traits across a range of animal taxa, the nature of these associations has been …

The problem of understanding the effect of the environment on fish activities and
performance, in any generalized way, remains intractable. Solving this issue is, however, a …