Payments for ecosystem services (PES) programs are one prominent strategy to address
economic externalities of resource extraction and commodity production, improving both …

With 120 million hectares of forest area, Indonesia has the third largest area of biodiversity-
rich tropical forests in the world, and it is well-known as a mega-biodiversity country …

Conversions of natural ecosystems, eg, from rain forests to managed plantations, result in
significant changes in the hydrological cycle including periodic water scarcity. In Indonesia …

Highlights•Externalities are plausible impacts not sufficiently taken into account given values
involved.•Using financial incentives is only one of many ways to internalize externalities.• …

We contribute to the growing body of literature on the ecological and socio-psychological
impacts of providing payments as rewards for conservation. We conducted a systematic …

For over a decade, payment for ecosystem services (PES) programs has been designed in
several countries, the analysis of these programs in recent years highlights the importance …

Incentives based on extrinsic motivations such as Payments for ecosystem Services (PES)
could negatively affect intrinsic motivations (ie, motivational crowding-out). This effect may …

Highlights•In the PES debate, auctions hold a special niche.•Auctions interface instrumental,
intrinsic and relational values.•PES auctions are multilayered decision-making of integrated …

This study investigated the influence of land use change and climate change on changes in
streamflow in the Bengawan Solo River (BSR, 16 389 km2) basin, Indonesia. We applied …

Payment for ecosystem services (PES) is the main economic instrument developed for
natural resource conservation. Evidence has shown the importance of local context in PES …