Thermal modification is a well-established commercial technology for improving the
dimensional stability and durability of timber. Numerous reviews of thermally modified timber …

The secretion of extracellular enzymes by soil microbes is rate-limiting in the recycling of
biomass. Fungi and bacteria compete and collaborate for nutrients in the soil, with wide …

The field of enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose is actively growing and the recent
updates of the last few years indicate that there is still much to learn. The growing number of …

Glucuronoyl esterases (GEs) are α/β serine hydrolases and a relatively new addition in the
toolbox to reduce the recalcitrance of lignocellulose, the biggest obstacle in cost-effective …

Hemicellulose-rich wood extracts show efficient capacity to adsorb at emulsion interfaces
and stabilize them. Their functionality is enhanced by lignin moieties accompanying the …

Lignin–carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) are hybrid structures containing covalently linked
moieties of lignin and carbohydrates. The structure and behavior of LCCs affect both …

Pomegranate fruit peels are highly abundant in metabolites derived from the shikimate
pathway, such as hydrolyzable tannins (HTs) and flavonoids. These metabolites are …

This paper reports the polymerization of tall oil lignin (TOL), starch, and 2-methyl-2-propene-
1-sulfonic acid sodium salt (MPSA), a sulfonate-containing monomer, in a three-component …

The existence and formation of covalent lignin–carbohydrate (LC) linkages in plant cell walls
has long been a matter of debate in terms of their roles in cell wall development and …

All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion, protection, and a means
of directional growth to plants. Cellulose microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical …