Food security is threatened by the combined pressures of increasing populations and
climate change. Agricultural land is vulnerable to overexploitation and environmental …

Background Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) addresses the challenge of meeting the
growing demand for food, fibre and fuel, despite the changing climate and fewer …

Forest-driven water and energy cycles are poorly integrated into regional, national,
continental and global decision-making on climate change adaptation, mitigation, land use …

Poverty has many faces and poverty reduction many pathways in different contexts. Lack of
food and income interact with lack of access to water, energy, protection from floods, voice …

Currently, mitigation and adaptation measures are handled separately, due to differences in
priorities for the measures and segregated planning and implementation policies at …

Agroforestry—the integration of trees with crops and livestock—generates many benefits
directly relevant to the UNFCCC's Koronivia Joint Work on Agriculture, including:(i) building …

Despite increasing scientific understanding of the global environmental crisis, we struggle to
adopt the policies science suggests would be effective. One of the reasons for that is the lack …

Highlights•Agroforestry requires several enabling conditions beyond biophysical
suitability.•Failure of some agroforestry strategies is related to lack of integration and system …

Highlights•Springs attract human settlement and thus require access regulation and
stewardship.•Sacrality of trees and forests can facilitate the communal protection of …

Human impacts on water cycles (HIWC) can include modification of rainfall. Spatial and
temporal variation in rainfall, with implications for 'water security', has been attributed to …