Ocean warming, primarily resulting from the escalating levels of greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere, leads to a rise in the temperature of the Earth's oceans. These gases act as …

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments are the trusted source of
scientific evidence for climate negotiations taking place under the United Nations …

Earth's energy imbalance (EEI) is a fundamental metric of global Earth system change,
quantifying the cumulative impact of natural and anthropogenic radiative forcings and …

The ocean absorbs> 90% of anthropogenic heat in the Earth system, moderating global
atmospheric warming. However, it remains unclear how this heat uptake is distributed by …

The Earth climate system is out of energy balance, and heat has accumulated continuously
over the past decades, warming the ocean, the land, the cryosphere, and the atmosphere …

Abstract Changes in ocean heat content (OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical
indicators for changes in Earth's energy and water cycles. These cycles have been …

The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in
response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the …

The global oceans absorb most of the surplus heat from anthropogenic warming, but it is
unclear how this heat accumulation will affect the Earth's climate under climate mitigation …

Long-term changes in ocean heat content (OHC) represent a fundamental global warming
indicator and are mostly caused by anthropogenic climate-altering gas emissions. OHC …

Coastal communities across the globe are prone to imminent disasters and emergencies
due to their geographic placement, and their fishing occupations add to their exposure to …