According to recent empirical studies, reproductive senescence, the decline in reproductive
success with increasing age, seems to be nearly ubiquitous in the wild. However, a clear …

Sex differences in aging occur in many animal species, and they include sex differences in
lifespan, in the onset and progression of age‐associated decline, and in physiological and …

In humans and other animals, harsh circumstances in early life predict morbidity and
mortality in adulthood. Multiple adverse conditions are thought to be especially toxic, but this …

This comprehensive introductory text integrates evolutionary, ecological, and demographic
perspectives with new results from field studies and contemporary noninvasive molecular …

Among mammals, post-reproductive life spans are currently documented only in humans
and a few species of toothed whales. Here we show that a post-reproductive life span exists …

Demographic data on wild chimpanzees are crucial for understanding the evolution of
chimpanzee and hominin life histories, but most data come from populations affected by …

The great apes (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans) are our closest relatives.
Despite the many similarities, there are significant differences in aging among apes …

Why females of some species cease ovulation before the end of their natural lifespan is a
longstanding evolutionary puzzle. For many species in captivity, post-reproductive life is …

Women and female great apes both continue giving birth into their forties, but not beyond.
However humans live much longer than other apes do. Even in hunting and gathering …

Understanding how and why menopause has evolved is a long-standing challenge across
disciplines. Females can typically maximize their reproductive success by reproducing for …