Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

The collective activity of a population of neurons, beyond the properties of individual cells, is
crucial for many brain functions. A fundamental question is how activity correlations between …

Computer-generated holography (CGH) provides volumetric control of coherent wavefront
and is fundamental to applications such as volumetric 3D displays, lithography, neural …

Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

The goal of computer-generated holography (CGH) is to synthesize custom illumination
patterns by modulating a coherent light beam. CGH algorithms typically rely on iterative …

Computer-generated holography is a promising technique that modulates user-defined
wavefronts with digital holograms. Computing appropriate holograms with faithful …

Understanding brain function requires technologies that can control the activity of large
populations of neurons with high fidelity in space and time. We developed a multiphoton …

Recurrent cortical activity sculpts visual perception by refining, amplifying or suppressing
visual input. However, the rules that govern the influence of recurrent activity remain …

The simultaneous imaging and manipulating of neural activity could enable the functional
dissection of neural circuits. Here we have combined two-photon optogenetics with …