The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) subserves our highest order cognitive operations, and
yet is tremendously dependent on a precise neurochemical environment for proper …

Reversal learning paradigms are among the most widely used tests of cognitive flexibility
and have been used as assays, across species, for altered cognitive processes in a host of …

Successful goal-directed behavior requires not only correct action selection, planning, and
execution but also the ability to flexibly adapt behavior when performance problems occur or …

We review the modulatory effects of the catecholamine neurotransmitters noradrenaline and
dopamine on prefrontal cortical function. The effects of pharmacologic manipulations of …

The symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involve impairments in
prefrontal cortical top-down regulation of attention and behavior. All current pharmacological …

Failures in cortical control of fronto-striatal neural circuits may underpin impulsive and
compulsive acts. In this narrative review, we explore these behaviors from the perspective of …

The specific role of serotonin and its interplay with dopamine (DA) in adaptive, reward
guided behavior as well as drug dependance, still remains elusive. Recently, novel methods …

Serotonin and dopamine are speculated to subserve motivationally opponent functions, but
this hypothesis has not been directly tested. We studied the role of these neurotransmitters …

Prefrontal cortical executive functions comprise a number of cognitive capabilities necessary
for goal directed behavior and adaptation to a changing environment. Executive dysfunction …

Learning in a constant environment, and adapting flexibly to a changing one, through
changes in reinforcement contingencies or valence-free cues, depends on overlap** …