Cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary liver cancer. Its incidence is low in
the Western world but is rising globally. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy have …

The gut microbiota is a complex and plastic consortium of microorganisms that are intricately
connected with human physiology. The liver is a central immunological organ that is …

Abbreviations: AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; AIH,
autoimmune hepatitis; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ASIR, age standardized incidence rate; …

Current sequencing-based analyses of faecal microbiota quantify microbial taxa and
metabolic pathways as fractions of the sample sequence library generated by each …

The gastrointestinal tract is home to the largest microbial population in the human body. The
gut microbiota plays significant roles in the development of the gut immune system and has …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare disorder characterised by multi-focal bile duct
strictures and progressive liver disease. Inflammatory bowel disease is usually present and …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) offers unique opportunities to explore the gut–liver axis
owing to the close association between liver disease and colonic inflammation. It is well …

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a rare, chronic cholestatic liver disease characterised by
intrahepatic or extrahepatic stricturing, or both, with bile duct fibrosis. Inflammation and …

Gut microbiota has been reported to be closely related to host energy metabolism and
immunity, and thus influence the development and progression of various human diseases …

Research on the human microbiome has yielded numerous insights into health and disease,
but also has resulted in a wealth of experimental artifacts. Here, we present suggestions for …