Extremely preterm babies are at increased risk of less than optimal neurodevelopment
compared with their term-born counterparts. Optimising nutrition is a promising avenue to …

Human milk is a highly complex liquid food tailor-made to match an infant's needs. Beyond
documented positive effects of breastfeeding on infant and maternal health, there is …

Background Whether higher parenteral amino acid intake improves outcomes in infants with
extremely low birth weight is unclear. Methods In this multicenter, parallel-group, double …

Background: Previous guidelines on Paediatric Parenteral Nutrition (PN) were published in
2010, by the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition …

Objectives: The nutritional management of critically ill term neonates and preterm infants
varies widely, and controversies exist in regard to when to initiate nutrition, mode of feeding …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common severe complication of
preterm birth, and nutrition plays a crucial role in lung growth and repair. A practical …

Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is the leading cause of intestinal failure (IF) in children. The
preferred treatment for IF is parenteral nutrition which may be required until adulthood. The …

Preterm neonates display a high risk of postnatal malnutrition, especially at very low
gestational ages, because nutritional stores are less in younger preterm infants. For this …

Congenital heart defects are known causes of malnutrition. Optimal nutritional management
is paramount in improving short and long-term prognosis for neonates and infants with …

Background Refeeding syndrome (RS) following preterm birth has been linked to high
intravenous (IV) protein intake in the presence of low electrolyte supply. In extremely low …