BACKGROUND Biological dinitrogen (N2) fixation, the reduction of atmospheric N2 to
ammonia, is important for maintaining the fertility of the oceans by providing biologically …

Mineral dust particles suspended in the atmosphere span more than three orders of
magnitude in diameter, from< 0.1 µm to more than 100 µm. This wide size range makes dust …

Abstract Subtropical gyres cover 26%–29% of the world's surface ocean and are
conventionally regarded as ocean deserts due to their permanent stratification, depleted …

Phytoplankton, the ecological group of microalgae adapted to live in apparent suspension in
water masses, is much more than an ecosystem's engineer. In this opinion paper, we use …

Mineral dust aerosols impact the energy budget of Earth through interactions with radiation,
clouds, atmospheric chemistry, the cryosphere and biogeochemistry. In this Review, we …

Nitrogen fixation in the surface ocean impacts global marine nitrogen bioavailability and
thus microbial primary productivity. Until now, cyanobacterial populations have been viewed …

A key Earth system science question is the role of atmospheric deposition in supplying vital
nutrients to the phytoplankton that form the base of marine food webs. Industrial and …

Marine planktonic eukaryotes play critical roles in global biogeochemical cycles and climate.
However, their poor representation in culture collections limits our understanding of the …

Cyanobacteria are the most ancient phytoplankton on the planet and form harmful algal
blooms in freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. Recent research suggests that …

PISCES-v2 is a biogeochemical model which simulates the lower trophic levels of marine
ecosystem (phytoplankton, microzooplankton and mesozooplankton) and the …