Influenza viruses replicate within the nucleus of the host cell. This uncommon RNA virus trait
provides influenza with the advantage of access to the nuclear machinery during replication …

Influenza A viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes comprise the eight genomic negative-
sense RNAs, each of which is bound to multiple copies of the vRNP and a trimeric viral …

Since Hedin's characterization of trypsin and antitrypsin in 1906,(1) arguably the first
account of a regulatory protein–protein interaction (PPI), contemporary understanding of …

Stress proteins (SPs) including heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA chaperones, and ER
associated stress proteins are molecular chaperones essential for cellular homeostasis. The …

Influenza virus is a prominent cause of respiratory illness in humans. Current influenza
vaccines offer strain-specific immunity, while provide limited protection against drifted …

Influenza A virus (IAV) is the primary causative agent of influenza, colloquially called the flu.
Each year, it infects up to a billion people, resulting in hundreds of thousands of human …

The influenza viruses cause annual epidemics of respiratory disease and occasional
pandemics, which constitute a major public-health issue. The segmented negative-stranded …

To establish a new lineage in the human population, avian influenza A viruses (AIV) must
overcome the intracellular restriction factor MxA. Partial escape from MxA restriction can be …

The goal of a virus particle is to transport its genome in a replication-competent form from an
infected cell to an uninfected cell. To enter a new host cell, the majority of viruses take …

Influenza A viruses pose a serious threat to world public health, particularly the currently
circulating avian H5N1 viruses. The influenza viral nucleoprotein forms the protein scaffold …