Due to the limited availability of freshwater supplies, desalination has become an
increasingly reliable process for water supply worldwide, with proved technical and …

Abstract Background The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries are rapidly
growing in population with very limited access to freshwater resources. To overcome this …

This paper presents a thorough critical literature review aimed at understanding the
challenges associated with freshwater supply associated with rapidly growing global …

Desalination is currently considered as a reliable nonconventional freshwater supply, which
has been practiced on a large scale for many decades. Nevertheless, desalination is …

Remote areas and poor communities are occasionally deprived of access to freshwater. It is,
therefore, critical to providing a cheap and efficient desalination system that encourages the …

Freshwater supplies are in shortage relative to the high demand for different human
activities, making desalination of saline water a must. Desalination to extract water from …

Solar energy is preferred over other energy sources because of its low cost, ease of
collecting, and availability as a source of power, as well as its effectiveness in reducing …

The application of graphene (Gr) to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cell
(MECs) is considered a very promising approach in terms of enhancing their performance …

Emerging desalination technologies are either a group of desalination techniques that have
not undergone commercialization due to the need for technological advancements. The …

Bio-electrochemical systems (BESs) use electroactive micro-organisms for degrading
organic materials in wastes for energy and/or chemical production. Microbial based …