How sensory information is transformed by learning into adaptive behaviors is a
fundamental question in neuroscience. Studies of auditory fear conditioning have revealed …

The ability to adapt to dynamic environments requires tracking multiple signals with variable
sensory salience and fluctuating behavioral relevance. This complex process requires …

Pavlovian conditioning is the process by which we learn relationships between stimuli and
thus constitutes a basic building block for how the brain constructs representations of the …

Historically, sensory systems have been largely ignored as potential loci of information
storage in the neurobiology of learning and memory. They continued to be relegated to the …

Numerous studies have supported the idea that de novo protein synthesis is critical for
synaptic plasticity and normal long-term memory formation. This requirement for protein …

Although often referred to as a hunger hormone, recent evidence highlights a
neuroprotective function of acylated ghrelin (AG) and a substantial role in the regulation of …

The neural basis of auditory fear conditioning (AFC) is almost universally believed to be the
amygdala, where auditory fear memories are reputedly acquired and stored. This widely …

Although the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is essential for conditioned auditory fear
memory, an emerging theme is that plasticity in multiple brain regions contributes to fear …

Long-term memory (LTM) formation has been linked with functional strengthening of existing
synapses and other processes including de novo synaptogenesis. However, it is unclear …

Rationale The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
(MGN) have both been shown to be necessary for the formation of associative learning …