The mammalian gut microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, comprises trillions of
bacteria, which co-evolved with the host and has an important role in a variety of host …

Since the renaissance of microbiome research in the past decade, much insight has
accumulated in comprehending forces sha** the architecture and functionality of resident …

Iron (Fe) is a highly ample metal on planet earth (~ 35% of the Earth's mass) and is
particularly essential for most life forms, including from bacteria to mammals. Nonetheless …

The immune system probably evolved to limit the negative effects exerted by pathogens on
host homeostasis. This defence strategy relies on the concerted action of innate and …

To maintain a symbiotic relationship between the host and its resident intestinal microbiota,
appropriate mucosal T cell responses to commensal antigens must be established. Mice …

Aquaculture is a growing industry worldwide, but it faces challenges related to animal
health. These challenges include infections by parasites, bacteria, and viral pathogens …

IgG3 comprises only a minor fraction of IgG and has remained relatively understudied until
recent years. Key physiochemical characteristics of IgG3 include an elongated hinge region …

Plasmodium infections result in clinical presentations that range from asymptomatic to
severe malaria, resulting in∼ 1 million deaths annually. Despite this toll on humanity, the …

Probiotics play important roles on sustaining or reconstructing the homeostasis of intestinal
microbiota, which is one of the key factors in alleviating diseases and maintaining the …

The gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) faces a considerable challenge. It encounters
antigens derived from an estimated 1014 commensal microbes and greater than 30 kg of …