Free-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses
that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the …

This is a topical review on advanced lithographic methods used to create 3D topographies.
We start the discussion with the principal capabilities of grayscale electron beam lithography …

Matter with a high energy density (> 105 joules per cm3) is prevalent throughout the
Universe, being present in all types of stars and towards the centre of the giant planets,; it is …

We have used the Linac Coherent Light Source to generate solid-density aluminum plasmas
at temperatures of up to 180 eV. By varying the photon energy of the x rays that both create …

X-ray free-electron lasers, produce intense femtosecond pulses that have applications in
exploring new frontiers in science. The unique characteristics of X-ray free-electron laser …

The emergence of hard X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enables new insights into many
fields of science. These new sources provide short, highly intense and coherent X-ray …

Extreme-ultraviolet vortices may be exploited to steer the magnetic properties of
nanoparticles, increase the resolution in microscopy, and gain insight into local symmetry …

A growing number of X-ray sources based on the free-electron laser (XFEL) principle are
presently under construction or have recently started operation. The intense, ultrashort …

Systematic understanding and real-time feedback capability for x-ray free electron laser
(FEL) accelerator and optical components are critical for scientific experiments and …

The rate at which atoms and ions within a plasma are further ionized by collisions with the
free electrons is a fundamental parameter that dictates the dynamics of plasma systems at …