Over the past decade, f (R) theories have been extensively studied as one of the simplest
modifications to General Relativity. In this article we review various applications of f (R) …

We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the
remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments …

We present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements
of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the …

The European Space Agency's Planck satellite, which was dedicated to studying the early
Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the …

Hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation have now reached sufficient volume to
make precision predictions for clustering on cosmologically relevant scales. Here, we use …

We present cosmological results from the measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations
(BAO) in galaxy, quasar and Lyman-$\alpha $ forest tracers from the first year of …

ABSTRACT The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) 5-year data provide
stringent limits on deviations from the minimal, six-parameter Λ cold dark matter model. We …

Over recent decades, the role of torsion in gravity has been extensively investigated along
the main direction of bringing gravity closer to its gauge formulation and incorporating spin …

We present a one per cent measurement of the cosmic distance scale from the detections of
the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the clustering of galaxies from the Baryon …

We review different dark energy cosmologies. In particular, we present the Λ CDM
cosmology, Little Rip and Pseudo-Rip universes, the phantom and quintessence …